If I play temporal breach targeting Fizz, can I then use Fizz’s play ability to return the same temporal breach?

Yes. Temporal Breach fully resolves (banishing Fizz, then replaying him) and lands in your trash before Fizz's "When you play me" trigger resolves — the same pattern as Fizz playing the Heedless Resurrection or Here to Help that summoned him (FAQ #10174, #623).

Temporal Breach (Energy 2, Power 1) qualifies for Fizz's ≤3 Energy restriction, and since the copy he plays is a new game object, it can legally target Fizz again (Rule 355.9.c). One catch: the copy Fizz plays gets recycled to the bottom of your deck when it leaves the chain (delayed replacement effect), so you get one extra use out of that copy — after that it's in your deck, not your trash, so no infinite loop off a single Temporal Breach.