Does Ravenbloom Student ability activate even if you counter the spell?

No, Ravenbloom Student's ability does not activate if the spell you play is countered.

According to Rule 412.1.b, a card that is countered is not considered to have been played. Because Ravenbloom Student's ability triggers "When you play a spell," and a spell is only considered "played" once it successfully resolves, a countered spell fails to meet the condition required to trigger the ability.

This is supported by multiple Riftbound FAQs (such as FAQ #2377 and #2497), which clarify that countering a spell prevents it from being considered "played" for the purposes of triggered abilities.