Does Shuriken flip need to target a target from a battlefield to move? If there is no target on a battlefield, can it still move my unit?

Yes — the move works even with no enemy target available.

Shuriken Flip says "Deal 2 to up to one enemy unit at a battlefield, then move a friendly unit." The damage part is optional and separate; choosing 0 targets for it doesn't stop the move instruction from resolving. You just pick your friendly unit and move it to any valid location (Base or a battlefield, subject to the normal move restrictions like Rule 449.2).

Note the "friendly unit" you move is also a target, so if you control no units, you can't play it for the move. And as long as a move target exists, the spell resolves fully (Rule 359.3.e.8). FAQ #11839 confirms this.