Can you play Rebuke after Ride the Wind resolves on an enemy battlefield if it's not your turn?

To answer your question: Whether you can play Rebuke after Ride the Wind resolves depends on who played Ride the Wind and the current state of Focus.

1. Card Timing and Keywords

• Ride the Wind is an [Action] spell. According to Rule 155.2.a.1, an [Action] spell can be played during a showdown on any player's turn, but only when the game is in an Open State (no chain exists).
• Rebuke is also an [Action] spell. Like Ride the Wind, it is restricted to being played when the game is in an Open State.

2. The State of the Game

• When an [Action] spell is played, it starts a chain, putting the game into a Closed State (Rule 309.1).
• While the game is in a Closed State, only cards with the [Reaction] keyword can be played (Rule 309.1.a).
• Because Rebuke is an [Action] spell and lacks the [Reaction] keyword, it cannot be added to the chain while Ride the Wind is pending or resolving.

3. Playing After Resolution

• Once Ride the Wind resolves, the chain becomes empty, and the game returns to an Open State (Rule 336.2).
• In a showdown, when a chain resolves, Focus passes to the next player (Rule 345).
• If you played Ride the Wind, Focus passes to your opponent, and you must wait for them to pass their opportunity to act before you can play Rebuke.
• If your opponent played Ride the Wind, Focus passes to you upon resolution, allowing you to play Rebuke as your [Action] in the resulting Open State.

Summary: You cannot play Rebuke in response to Ride the Wind because Rebuke is not a [Reaction] spell. You can only play Rebuke after Ride the Wind resolves if you hold Focus at that time.

Note: I could not fully verify this ruling against the retrieved rules.