What happens if the rune is Chaos with Twisted Fate Gambler?
When Twisted Fate, Gambler attacks, his ability triggers: "When I attack, reveal the top rune of your rune deck, then recycle it. Do one of the following based on its domain: [list of effects for Fury, Mind, and Order]."
If the revealed and recycled rune is a Chaos Rune, no additional game effect occurs. According to the card text, Twisted Fate's ability only provides specific effects for Fury, Mind, and Order runes; because the card text does not list an effect for a Chaos Rune, the ability resolves after the rune is recycled, but no further action is taken.
Note: I could not fully verify this ruling against the retrieved rules.